At What Age Do Kids Start Reading

How to teach children to read

Teaching children to read is one of the about complicated, arduous and fourth dimension-consuming parts of teaching English. There're many approaches to teaching to read nowadays. Nevertheless, I'll focus on two popular and effective methods: Phonics and "Look and say".

Phonics

Phonics is a method of instruction immature learners how to read which focuses on how letters make sounds, and how these sounds brand words. This approach is not meaning focused, it is only about decoding and pronunciation. Teachers are to put accuracy before speed considering fluency (i.e. speed, accuracy, expression, and comprehension) will come with time.

Phonics is the written report of the relationship between the spoken and written language, i.due east. phonemic awareness and letter shape. Each letter or combination of letters represents a audio or sounds. The information is codification, as we must be able to recognise which symbols brand which sounds in society to read. Children are taught 44 letter sounds, which is a mix of alphabet sounds:

• graphic symbol (1 sound – 1 letter, e.g. c, t, a )
• digraphs (one sound – ii letters, east.g. sh, th, ai, ue )
• trigraphs (1 sound — iii letters, e.k. ght )

This data is found in the Alphabetic Code .  There's no 1 order y'all cull to teach phonics, but information technology's definitely better to go from elementary to more complex phonics.

"Phonics involves the teaching of the transparent alphabet (e.g. /yard/ every bit in «true cat») before progressing onto the "opaque" alphabet (due east.g. /m/ as in «schoolhouse»). In other words, children are taught steps which are straightforward and easy before existence taught the complications and variations of pronunciation and spelling of the full alphabetic code"(© Wikipedia ).

Therefore children are first taught graphemes and high-frequency tricky words, so digraphs and trigraphs; then less frequency catchy words. Moreover, it'due south meliorate to base phonics on the target vocabulary, and then phonics are non separated from the primary form and children learn every bit they go along.

What are tricky words?

These are some words which don't follow easily recognisable patterns. Children have to learn these words in their entirety, by sight. Native speakers learn a lot of these at school through poetry, so one fashion to teach them is to say a word that rhymes with the tricky discussion (for example, "shoe" rhymes with "zoo" and "key" rhymes with "tree"). Another good way to practise them is flashcard-type games.

When a child is learning to read there are crucial things to acquire:

• how the sounds are represented by written letters;
• how to blend (synthesise) the sounds together to make words;
• how to segment for spelling (east.g. spell your name).

Children are taught to read messages or groups of letters by saying the audio(s) they represent. For example, how to teach the word "cat" using the Phonics method.

1. Say the sound [k].
2. Take the educatee repeat the sound.
3. Say the whole word, "cat" [kæt].
4. Tell the pupil to echo the whole word.
5. Say some other words that showtime with [k]: "cake", "cup", "coke".
6. Prepare flashcards with different pictures. Say the words for the pupil to listen and choose the words with the sound [k] (to practice sound recognition)
7. Tell the student to write the letter of the alphabet, and then the word. (to practise tracing and alphabetic character recognition)

Teachers have to read a full range of target vocabulary, sentences, comic strips, literature with the children and ensure that students have a full range of experience of activities associated with literacy such as function play, chants, songs, poetry, but children are not expected to 'read' text which is beyond them, and the method does not involve guessing the meaning from context, moving-picture show, and initial letter clues. If students do not know or cannot read, a instructor reads for them.

This is a great five-level course you can apply.

Pros of Phonics:

• Students learn sounds.
• They learn to read step by stride.
• Information technology's more comprehensible, consistent and based on Lexis.
• Children tin read the words they don't know if they know the sounds spelling

Cons of Phonics:

• Students cannot start reading until they learn enough sounds.
• They can read but the words with the sounds they know.
• It tin take a long time.
• This arroyo is not comprehension-focused.

Look and say

Phonics tin exist compared with the whole give-and-take , or 'Look and say' approach, which focuses on recognising words. This is a method of teaching reading based on the visual recognition and memorizing of words rather than by the association of sounds and letters.

For example, using a "Look and say" approach a kid may be shown the word "cat" on a flashcard and is told, "cat". The child, over fourth dimension, and then learns that when they see the symbol "cat", they are to say the discussion "cat". This way English language becomes kind of a logographic language, that has thousands of detailed symbols that represent individual words.

Picture-words or sight words account for up to 75% of the words used in commencement children's print materials. Sight word lists take been compiled based on high-frequency words, for example, the Dolch word listing. These words are divided into levels which are prioritised and introduced to children according to a frequency of appearance in beginning readers' texts.

Pros of "Look and say":

• Children learn high frequency and easy words fast.
• Students learnt how to read "similar" new words by association and give-and-take recognition. For example, "cat", "bat", "rat". Children recognize words automatically, as a event, a beginning reader will be able to identify the majority of words in a starting time text earlier they even attempt to read it (in phonics approach they see the similar letter sounds, when in "Expect and say" they see the similar symbols).
• Information technology allows children to concentrate on meaning and comprehension as they read without having to stop and decode every single word.
• It helps to learn tricky words with unusual spelling, every bit they cannot be sounded out using basic phonics noesis.

Cons of "Look and say":

• Children are required to memorise thousands of words and cannot decode new words they come up across independently. Instead of having to recall only 26 letters and their matching phonemes, children have to use their memory infinite to think each and every word every bit a symbol.
• Children may exist stuck in reading if they don't know how to read sure letters.
• Students may have difficulties with spelling.
• You always need an prototype: pictures or miming which doesn't work well for abstruse things of sure phrases.

Based on the information above I would recommend combining both methods to make teaching reading more than productive, comprehensible, logical and consistent.

knickerbockershound.blogspot.com

Source: https://skyteach.ru/2018/11/29/how-to-teach-children-to-read/

Share this post